The oil is used extensively as a source of perfumery chemicals such as citronellal, citronellol, and geraniol. Citronella geranium, pelargonium citrosum, is a tender perennial, so it can be grown either as an annual, or potted up and brought inside for the winter before the first hard frost hits. Plant citronella grass near a patio or walkway where the pleasant scent can be enjoyed. Citronella grass cymbopogon nardus, grows in usda zones 10 through 12. Citronella plant typically grows anywhere between 2 and 4 feet. Purnanand and others published cultivation of citronella cymbopogon winterianus jowitt. Citronellal or rhodinal or 3,7dimethyloct6en1al c 10 h 18 o is a monoterpenoid, the main component in the mixture of terpenoid chemical compounds that give citronella oil its distinctive lemon scent. Mosquito plant, pelargonium citrosum the citrosa plant.
Profitability analysis of citronella grass cymbopogon. This fastgrowing tree is grown for human food, livestock forage, medicine, dye, composting, and water purification. Although, all the plant parts contain oil, leaves contain the maximum amount of oil. A growing trend among home gardeners is to cultivate citronella plants in an effort to repel mosquitoes and keep them away from outdoor areas. During cultivation plants should be protected against pests and diseases.
Jun 27, 2014 citronella geranium, pelargonium citrosum, is a tender perennial, so it can be grown either as an annual, or potted up and brought inside for the winter before the first hard frost hits. Rearrange individual pages or entire files in the desired order. Clove tree is evergreen and 15 to 20 meters in height. Citronella needs full sun to thrive, although plants can tolerate some shade. Oil of citronella what is oil of citronella oil of citronella is a naturally occurring insect and animal repellent distilled from two grass varieties. Alderhydes are found in lemonscented oils such as melissa, lemon verbena, citronella etc. Lemongrass companion plants what to plant with lemongrass.
Article pdf available in journal of essential oilbearing plants jeop 123. You can crop the pdf to a selected area or choose autocrop option, to try and remove all margins automatically. Oct 10, 2016 its look like citronella but it is kalam lemongrass variety, developed by csiriiim, jammu and recommended for maharashtra and southern states, suitable for rain fed also, net profit up to rs. Separate one page or a whole set for easy conversion into independent pdf files. Rich loam to poor laterite, saline and alkaline to moderately acidic soils are well suited for its cultivation. Citronella oil of citronella 021901 fact sheet issued. It is recommended that the plantation should be uprooted after 34 years and rotated with some small legume species. Geranium cultivation for oil production the following is a generalized protocol for cultivation of geranium, and. First evidence of using citronella oil in sri lanka has been reported by dr. It has a role as a metabolite and an antifungal agent. Aug 19, 2014 mosiguard natural and other citriodiol based repellents have undergone extensive testing for safety to ensure it is a product your whole family can rely on for protection. Citronellal is a monoterpenoid, the main component of citronella oil which gives it its distinctive lemon aroma. Though many of its names leave the impression that it contains citronella, which is a common ingredient in insect repellent, the plant is actually a variety of scented.
Nov 02, 2012 the reason citronella has gained the interest of many researchers is that it has the ability to produce significant amount of essential oil. Department of agriculture plant hardiness zones 9b through 12, functioning as a yard perennial in florida and. Citronella plant keeps mosquitoes away garden myths. Work at the university of guelph tested citronella candles. Few months after and regularly, cut the growing tips of the branches so that the tree will become bushier cut at 10 cm each time they reach 20 cm, fig. The original files retain their individual identities but are assembled into one pdf. Moringa oleifera cultivation training guidelines 1 for field officers and coordinators agro chadza 2012 i. While there is debate over whether citronella plants are an effective mosquito repellant, the citronella plant is an attractive addition to any outdoor or indoor growing. The pages pane of the recipient document displays a blue bar to indicate the position in the document where the pages will be inserted. Pick an appropriate site for your citronella plant. The oil extracted from citronella grass has mosquitorepellent qualities and is an ingredient in many commercial bug repellents.
Pdf merge combine pdf files free tool to merge pdf online. Geraniol, a major component of oil of citronella, has been observed in several studies to reduce the growth of some. The reason citronella has gained the interest of many researchers is that it has the ability to produce significant amount of essential oil. Alkaline water logged soils are detrimental for crop growth.
Topical and subtopical climate at altitudes upto 900m. Package of practices for cultivation of citronella agrihunt. Horticulture of nagaland also started commercial cultivation of citronella, a number of entrepreneurs and ngos are also engaged for commercial cultivation of citronella grass. Lemongrass in the garden terra linse and dan drost summary lemongrass cymbopogon citratus is an easy to grow herb that requires warm, humid conditions, full sunlight and plenty of moisture.
Another pruning strategy is to cut back each branch by 30 cm when it reaches 60 cm in length. It is easy to grow in full sun or partial shade, and is fairly droughtresistant, though it does appreciate regular watering while it is getting established. Free to use, without the need to register an account or email address. Production of essential oil in india year2011 sl no essential oil production m. Citronella oil is an essential oil obtained from the leaves and stems of different species of cymbopogon lemongrass. However, studies have shown that oil of citronella does not alter or damage genes. The most common use of the oil is as mosquito repellant and aromatherapeutic agent. Both grasses prefer slightly acidic to neutral, sandy loam in full sun. Is oil of citronella likely to contribute to the development of cancer the potential of oil of citronella to cause cancer has not been studied. Its look like citronella but it is kalam lemongrass variety, developed by csiriiim, jammu and recommended for maharashtra and southern states, suitable for rain fed also, net profit up to rs.
The files in a pdf portfolio can be in a wide range of file types created in different applications. All files and passwords are transferred using secure ssl connections. The best online tool to compress large pdfs while maintaining both file format and quality. These species are used for the production of citronella oil, which is used in soaps, as an insect repellent especially mosquitoes in insect sprays and candles, and in aromatherapy. It is probably indigenous to sri lanka and cultivated in myanmar. The number of harvests, which can be taken during a year. Use sites, target pests, and application methods iii. Introduction coconut cocosnucifera plays a significant role in the agrarian economy of india. It is a tender perennial that is commonly grown as an annual in cooler areas of utah. Encrypt your pdf with a password to prevent unauthorized access to the file content, especially for file sharing or archiving. Winter, who was a pioneer oil distiller of srilanka. I bought extra plants this year to be used by the entrance way on the first floor and again on the second floor.
Climate and soils the crop is not tolerant to frost. Drag the selected thumbnail images from the donor documents pages pane to the recipient documents pages pane. Citronella is a variety of annual geranium, also known as mosquito plant, as it is known to repel the insect with its strong fragrance. Study of citronella mosquito repellent plants in tubman. The fragrance becomes more vibrant when the leaves are crushed or rubbed. Citronella harvesting citronella is cultivated for essential oil. If you live in usda zone 9, citronella cymbopogon winterianus may be your best bet because it grows as a perennial in usda zones 9 through 12. To change the order of your pdfs, drag and drop the files as you want.
Citronella grass cymbopogon nardus and cymbopogon winterianus grow to about 2 m 6. For example, a pdf portfolio can include text documents, email messages, spreadsheets, cad drawings, and powerpoint presentations. For cultivation seeds are sown in welldrained suitable soil at a distance of about 25cm. I bought a citronella plant last year, only one, and i swear that we had fewer mosquitoes on our second floor deck area. Apart from the importance of copra and coconut oil which is widely used in the manufacture of soaps, hair oil. These chemicals find extensive use in soap, candles and incense, perfumery, cosmetic, and flavouring industries. Plant lemongrass after the last frost or grow it in a. These chemicals find extensive use in soap, candles and incense, perfumery, cosmetic, and flavouring industries throughout the world.
A read is counted each time someone views a publication summary such as the title, abstract, and list of authors, clicks on a figure, or views or downloads the fulltext. The most popular online tool to compress pdf files into an email ready size. This plant is commonly found under a number of names, such as citronella plant, mosquito plant geranium, citrosa geranium and pelargonium citrosum. It reaches up to 10 m 30 ft and 1 m 3 ft in diameter. When growing mosquito plant geranium indoors, keep it watered and fertilize occasionally with an all purpose plant food. Password protect pdf encrypt your pdf online safely. But while the oil of citronella does repel mosquitoes to some degree, in the amount and concentration that is put out via candles, its not very effective. There are several mosquito plantsleaves fresh or smoke of the leave oil that people used to, notably among them are piper betel linn, deet, o. The principal chemical constituents of citronella, geraniol and citronellol, are.
Citronellal is a major isolate in distilled oils from the plants cymbopogon, lemonscented gum, and lemonscented teatree. Citronellal is a major component 85% of oil of the lemonscent gum eucalyptus. Once you merge pdfs, you can send them directly to your email or download the file to our computer and view. Wide range of soil conditions is suitable for cultivation of citronella. It is yellow to brown and has a grassyfloral smell. The annua l world production of lemongrass oil is around. It is preferable to add 15 tonnes of farm yard manure per hectare during the preparation of land and mixed well in the soil. Citronella candles burn in many backyards on summer nights because of the belief that they repel mosquitoes like cinnamon repels ants. Citronella plant is a perennial 12m tall bush with green to yellowish green leaves. This plant is marketed as being specifically developed to continually give off a mosquito repelling scent. In assam production of citronella oil has gone down from 450500 mtyear in 1986 to less than 100 mtyear mainly due to the. The citronella oil have various uses such antibacterial and cardiovascular effects. You can insert pages between any of the pages of the recipient document.
In chile, the tree grows from 500 to 2000 meters above sealevel in low altitude interior valleys and coastal mountains. Rajeswara rao and others published cultivation of citronella find, read and cite all the research you need on researchgate. The mosquito plant, pelargonium citrosum, also called the citrosa plant or citronella scented geranium, is highly recommended for keeping mosquitoes away. In a 5 minute period subjects received 6, 8, and 11 bites for citronella candles, regular candles, and no candles, respectively. Other known alderhydes include benzaldehyde, cinnamic alderhyde and perillaldehyde. The java type is known as java citronella and its scientific name is cymbopogon winterianus jowitt the name java citronella and cymbopogon wintenanus was given to a variety of citronella for commemorating mr. Merge pdf files combine pdfs in the order you want with the easiest pdf merger available. Leaves are long, glaucous, green, linear tapering upwards and along the margins. It is obtained by steam distillation from the fresh leaves of cymbopogen nardus linn. Harvesting is done by sharp sickle at about 2045cm above the ground. Pepper 50 3 basil exotic 1702 4 basil indian 500 5 cederwood 200 6 cinnamon leaf 05 7 citronella 100 8 cumin 10 9 cardamom 25 10 coriander 05 11 davana 05 12 dillseed 10 e. Unlike citronella, which has raised safety concerns in many countries, mosiguard has been evaluated and approved as safe for use for children as young as 6 months. Water logged condition can cause rootrot and result in stunted growth.
Geranium cultivation for oil production the following is a generalized protocol for cultivation of geranium, and should be adapted for local conditions. Please, select more pdf files by clicking again on select pdf files. Soils rich in humus having good water holding capacity and good drainage should be preferred. Once files have been uploaded to our system, change the order of your pdf documents. Land and preparation the land is brought to fine tilth and laid out into plots of convenient sizes for irrigation. Citronella has trouble with cool, damp winters and requires a long, warm growing season. Lemon grass is a tall, perennial sedge throwing up dense fasciclles of leaves from a short rhizome. You can also use pdf cropper to increase visible margins, for example to add space for annotations, by choosing extend margins option. Often citronella can be moved inside and be replanted in the spring. While there is debate over whether citronella plants are an effective mosquito repellant, the citronella plant is an attractive addition to any outdoor or indoor growing area. Citronella has a refreshing, citruslike scent that is used in soaps, candle making and the home fragrance industry. Bcr, benefit, citronella grass cymbopogon winterianus, cost and npv doi. The plant doesnt grow well when the soil is too wet.
It will produce a shrub with leaves easy to collect fig. Citronella cymbopogon winterianus, poaceae citronella oil is an essential oil containing citronellal, geraniol and hydroxy citronellol and other high value perfumery bases obtained on steam distillation of citronella grass. A pdf portfolio contains multiple files assembled into an integrated pdf unit. Pdf cultivation of citronella cymbopogon winterianus. During 20052006, 7 private growers from dimapur and chumukedima of nagaland have newly started cultivation citronella grass. The above statement was the initial entry in the post. They generally have sedative qualities with specific antiseptic properties. Citronella mucronata, the huillipatagua spanish pronunciation. A frost free site is required, and if severe chilling is expected from winter winds, windbreaks should be established. It is a shortlived perennial that grown in areas with mild winter and lives up to two years. It is a sunloving plant, so companion planting with lemongrass should include other plants that like to bask in plenty of heat and light. Free and easy to use online tool for visual pdf document cropping changing canvas size. The oldest known records of using citronella oil and leaves as perfumes in religious ceremonies were found in india about 2000 years before.
477 421 1014 1193 1442 1256 823 1121 185 717 1230 714 1393 440 1432 449 1288 1410 734 660 448 705 1000 1159 528 168 1363 142 31 944 470 1004